A) exporting
B) direct investment
C) countertrade
D) licensing
E) multinational marketing
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Multiple Choice
A) manage the product
B) benchmark the product
C) analyze market trends
D) perform cross-cultural analysis
E) assess political and regulatory requirements
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Multiple Choice
A) cultural semiotics.
B) the trade feedback effect.
C) protectionism.
D) cultural ethnocentricity.
E) consumer ethnocentrism.
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Multiple Choice
A) tariffs.
B) quotas.
C) GATT taxes.
D) foreign excise taxes.
E) trade subsidies.
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Multiple Choice
A) Project Open Roads
B) Project Fresh Start
C) Project Tikva
D) Project Shakti
E) Project Helping Hand
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Multiple Choice
A) international contract.
B) free trade agreement.
C) strategic alliance.
D) collaborative treaty.
E) global oligopoly.
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Multiple Choice
A) Bribes, kickbacks, and payoffs offered to entice someone to commit an illegal or improper act are deemed corrupt in some cultures but not in others.
B) The world's major exporting nations have agreed to treat bribery of foreign government officials as a violation of trade agreements.
C) Bribery paid to foreign companies is in some cases a tax-deductible expense in the United States.
D) It is a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party unless pre-approved by the Federal Trade Commission.
E) It is illegal for a U.S. corporation to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.
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Multiple Choice
A) countertrade.
B) trade feedback effect.
C) balance of trade.
D) gross domestic product.
E) tariffs.
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Multiple Choice
A) an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
B) a significant increase in economic protectionism and a decline in free trade.
C) a more aggressive attitude toward initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
D) a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
E) a gradual decline in economic protectionism by individual countries.
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Multiple Choice
A) product extension strategy
B) product adaptation strategy
C) dual adaptation strategy
D) product invention strategy
E) communication adaptation strategy
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Multiple Choice
A) No accurate data have been made available from the WTO for trade imports and exports.
B) The volume of imports and exports has consistently decreased.
C) U.S. imports and U.S. exports have been about equal, indicating balanced trade.
D) U.S. exports have exceeded U.S. imports, indicating a continuing trade surplus.
E) The volume of both U.S. exports and U.S. imports has increased significantly.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) Dell will continue to use its direct buy strategy but will require all new employees in its sales force to be multilingual.
B) Dell will open "shop-in-a-shop" counters in selected retailers in India where customers can reduce purchase anxiety by using the computers before they buy.
C) Dell will establish call centers in all major international cities so that customers may deal directly with native-born speakers.
D) Dell will issue its own credit card through microfinance-oriented banks, making it possible for customers who would not normally qualify for credit to do so.
E) Dell will maintain the exact same strategies that brought it this far because it sees no reason to "mess with success."
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Multiple Choice
A) direct exporting.
B) indirect exporting.
C) licensing.
D) contract manufacturing.
E) outside branding.
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Multiple Choice
A) All Dell products were manufactured in the countries within which they were sold.
B) Dell sold its products to emerging markets using the telephone and Internet sales strategy that was so successful in the United States.
C) Dell opened stores in selected retailers in India.
D) Dell sold only laptops in China whereas it sold both desktops and laptops in India due to trade restrictions in China.
E) Dell designed and distributed the same products globally to take advantage of economies of scale.
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Multiple Choice
A) primitive
B) emerging
C) developing
D) agrarian
E) evolving
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) the monetary value of all goods and services produced by a single manufacturer during one year.
B) the monetary value of all domestic exports of a nation during one year.
C) the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country during one year.
D) the monetary value of all domestic imports of a nation during one year.
E) the difference between all domestic exports and imports for any nation during the course of one fiscal year.
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Multiple Choice
A) all potential consumers for any and all products or services regardless of cultural, ethnic, or national origins.
B) customers within a nation who consider the entire globe a single marketplace.
C) consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world who have similar needs or seek similar features and benefits from products or services.
D) consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs but seek customized features and benefits from products or services that reflect their individual cultures.
E) multinational organizations whose products incorporate raw materials, assembly, and distribution contributions from multiple nations before they are marketed.
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Multiple Choice
A) universal symbols.
B) symbolic concepts.
C) ideological representations.
D) cultural representations.
E) cultural symbols.
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