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The intervertebral discs are formed of _____________.

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Which one of the following is true?


A) Osteoblasts are large,multinucleated cells that break down calcified bone matrix.
B) Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
C) Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts.
D) Osteoclasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:


A) the bone is lengthening.
B) the bone is no longer lengthening.
C) the bone is increasing in diameter.
D) the bone has completed ossification.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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At what age are nearly all bones completely ossified?


A) Birth
B) 5 years
C) 15 years
D) 25 years

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Compact bone has ________,whereas spongy bone has __________.


A) spaces that reduce the weight of bone;tightly packed matrix that is solid
B) osteons;trabeculae
C) trabeculae;osteons
D) osteocytes;no osteocytes

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In a child,a vitamin D deficiency results in ______,whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______.


A) pituitary dwarfism;rickets
B) rickets;retardation of bone development
C) excess calcium absorption;osteomalacia
D) soft bones;rickets

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles.

A) True
B) False

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Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ______ ,which as a result decreases the rate of cell division of ______.


A) thyroid hormones;osteocytes in the periosteum
B) growth hormone;fat cells in the medullary cavity
C) thyroid hormones;osteoclasts in the compact bone
D) growth hormone ;cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Bisphosphonates are drugs that slow the progress of


A) rickets.
B) heart disease.
C) osteoporosis.
D) menopause.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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