Question 1

Identify the pair of factors that determines cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

A)   Heart rate and peripheral resistance
B)   Heart rate and stroke volume
C)   Peripheral resistance and stroke volume
D)   Heart rate and blood pressureE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Compare the blood pressure throughout the systemic vasculature,and select the true statement.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pressure is highest in the large veins and lowest in the large arteries.
B)   The largest pressure decrease occurs across the capillaries, indicating that they are the site of highest vascular resistance.
C)   The largest pressure decrease occurs across the arterioles, indicating that they are the site of highest vascular resistance.
D)   Pressure is highest in the arterioles and lowest in the venules.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Identify the first drug of the Angiotensin receptor blockers class to be approved.

Accepted Answer

A)   Losartan
B)   Captopril
C)   Trandolapril
D)   AliskirenE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 4

In the context of the mechanism of antihypertensive action,which of the following combination of drugs is used when the desired effect is the stimulation of the inhibitory alpha-2 receptors in the vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata,which ultimately reduces the sympathetic stimulation to the heart,kidneys,and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

A)   Clonidine (Catapres) , guanabenz (Wytensin) , and guanfacine (Tenex) 
B)   Doxazosin (Cardura) , prazosin (Minipress) , and terazosin (Hytrin) 
C)   Atenolol (Tenormin) , metoprolol (Lopressor) , and nadolol (Corgard) 
D)   None of theseE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following is a similarity between angiotensin receptor blocking drugs (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   They cause adverse effects such as hypotension and GI disturbances.
B)   They increase bradykinin concentrations.
C)   They cause dry cough and allergic reactions.
D)   They can be used in normal doses during pregnancy.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) possesses the shortest plasma half-life and duration of action and is administered two to three times daily?

Accepted Answer

A)   Quinapril (Accupril) 
B)   Captopril (Capoten) 
C)   Losartan (Cozaar) 
D)   Valsartan (Diovan) E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Implementing a patient education session for a patient suffering from essential hypertension requires:

Accepted Answer

A)   instructing the patient about the importance of taking their medications at proper times.
B)   instructing the patient to undergo routine medical checkups to ensure that their blood pressure is under control.
C)   instructing the patient that he or she may not have symptoms but will require lifelong treatment.
D)   All of these are correct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following factors reduces hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elimination of smoking and regular physical exercise can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.
B)   Practicing relaxation techniques aimed at reducing stress can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.
C)   Sodium restriction and weight loss can lead to a reduction in blood pressure.
D)   All of these are correct.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

In the context of the mechanism of antihypertensive action,which of the following is the treatment option to be used when the desired effect is to block the beta-1 receptors in the heart to decrease cardiac output and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Clonidine (Catapres) , guanabenz (Wytensin) , and guanfacine (Tenex) 
B)   Doxazosin (Cardura) , prazosin (Minipress) , and terazosin (Hytrin) 
C)   Atenolol (Tenormin) , metoprolol (Lopressor) , and nadolol (Corgard) 
D)   None of theseE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Select the correct statement related to the mechanism of action of aliskiren (Tekturna) .

Accepted Answer

A)   Aliskiren interferes with the influx of calcium in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle and thus lowers peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
B)   Aliskiren reduces cardiac output by blocking the beta-1 receptors in the heart.
C)   Aliskiren inhibits the enzymatic activity of renin and decreases the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, thereby reducing the formation of angiotensin II.
D)   None of these are correct.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of angiotensin receptor blocking drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   They increase bradykinin concentrations.
B)   They are orally active drugs and require multiple doses per day.
C)   They cause the dry cough and allergic reactions associated with the ACEIs.
D)   They are contraindicated during pregnancy.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C) D

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of the vasodilator drug diazoxide?

Accepted Answer

A)   Structurally, diazoxide is similar to the thiazide diuretics.
B)   Diazoxide is a very potent vasodilator and has significant diuretic activity.
C)   Its hypotensive effects last for 1 to 2 hours.
D)   Diazoxide is used when the BP needs to be lowered gradually.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Jessica is suffering from hypertension and,therefore,is given clonidine parenterally to treat her condition.If her treatment is discontinued abruptly,she may face withdrawal reactions.Which of the following statements holds true in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)   To avoid withdrawal symptoms of clonidine, her dose should be reduced gradually over a 2-day period.
B)   She will develop rheumatoid arthritis or a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome due to the long-term use of clonidine.
C)   She may experience rebound sympathetic activity and hypertensive crisis.
D)   To avoid withdrawal symptoms of clonidine, she should switch to oral administration of the drug and a weekly transdermal patch.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D) C

Question 14

Identify the definition of the physiological factor known as cardiac output that determines blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute.
B)   Cardiac output is the friction that the arterioles have against the flow of blood.
C)   Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
D)   None of these are correct.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Use the recommended dose (3 mcg/kg/min) to determine the appropriate dose of sodium nitroprusside that would be administered by slow intravenous infusion to a patient who weighs 176 pounds.

Accepted Answer

A)   240 mcg/kg/min
B)   180 mcg/kg/min
C)   280 mcg/kg/min
D)   320 mcg/kg/minE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Identify a true statement about the mechanism of action of the preferred diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A)   Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics cause an increase in the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces the blood volume and cardiac output.
B)   Loop diuretics cause an increase in the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and cardiac output.
C)   Aldosterone antagonists cause an increase in the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and cardiac output.
D)   None of these are correct.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Select the primary indication for the use of minoxidil (Loniten) .

Accepted Answer

A)   Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to therapy with calcium antagonists.
B)   Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to triple therapy with other drug combinations.
C)   Minoxidil is indicated for patients who do not respond to therapy with beta-blockers.
D)   None of these are correct.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not true of the vasodilator hydralazine (Apresoline) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Long-term use may produce rheumatoid arthritis or a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome.
B)   It is an arteriolar dilator used in moderate to severe hypertension in combination with both diuretics and beta-blockers (triple therapy) .
C)   The main adverse effects are GI disturbances such as dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
D)   None of these are correct.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Explain the role of the kidneys in the development of hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A)   Activation of the RAA mechanism causes vasoconstriction, and sodium and water release, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
B)   Activation of the RAA mechanism causes vasoconstriction, and sodium and water retention, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
C)   Deactivation of the RAA mechanism causes vasoconstriction, and sodium and water retention, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
D)   None of these are correct.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The vasodilator drug Minoxidil differs from Hydralazine in that Minoxidil:

Accepted Answer

A)   is indicated for patients who respond to triple therapy with other drug combinations.
B)   is a more potent arteriolar dilator.
C)   is given in usual doses of 60 to 100 mg per day in combination with a diuretic and beta-blocker.
D)   seldom produces any serious adverse effects.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 26: Anticoagulants and Coagulants

Identify the pair of factors that determines cardiac output.

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the blood pressure throughout the systemic vasculature,and select the true statement.

Correct Answer
verified

Identify the first drug of the Angiotensin receptor blockers class to be approved.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a similarity between angiotensin receptor blocking drugs (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) possesses the shortest plasma half-life and duration of action and is administered two to three times daily?

Correct Answer
verified

Implementing a patient education session for a patient suffering from essential hypertension requires:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following factors reduces hypertension?

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of the mechanism of antihypertensive action,which of the following is the treatment option to be used when the desired effect is to block the beta-1 receptors in the heart to decrease cardiac output and blood pressure?

Correct Answer
verified

Select the correct statement related to the mechanism of action of aliskiren (Tekturna) .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true of angiotensin receptor blocking drugs?

Correct Answer
verified
D

Which of the following statements is true of the vasodilator drug diazoxide?

Correct Answer
verified

Jessica is suffering from hypertension and,therefore,is given clonidine parenterally to treat her condition.If her treatment is discontinued abruptly,she may face withdrawal reactions.Which of the following statements holds true in this case?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Identify the definition of the physiological factor known as cardiac output that determines blood pressure.

Correct Answer
verified

Use the recommended dose (3 mcg/kg/min) to determine the appropriate dose of sodium nitroprusside that would be administered by slow intravenous infusion to a patient who weighs 176 pounds.

Correct Answer
verified

Identify a true statement about the mechanism of action of the preferred diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension.

Correct Answer
verified

Select the primary indication for the use of minoxidil (Loniten) .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is not true of the vasodilator hydralazine (Apresoline) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Explain the role of the kidneys in the development of hypertension.

Correct Answer
verified

The vasodilator drug Minoxidil differs from Hydralazine in that Minoxidil:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 26: Anticoagulants and Coagulants

Identify the pair of factors that determines cardiac output.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the blood pressure throughout the systemic vasculature,and select the true statement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the first drug of the Angiotensin receptor blockers class to be approved.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a similarity between angiotensin receptor blocking drugs (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) possesses the shortest plasma half-life and duration of action and is administered two to three times daily?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Implementing a patient education session for a patient suffering from essential hypertension requires:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following factors reduces hypertension?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of the mechanism of antihypertensive action,which of the following is the treatment option to be used when the desired effect is to block the beta-1 receptors in the heart to decrease cardiac output and blood pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the correct statement related to the mechanism of action of aliskiren (Tekturna) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of angiotensin receptor blocking drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following statements is true of the vasodilator drug diazoxide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jessica is suffering from hypertension and,therefore,is given clonidine parenterally to treat her condition.If her treatment is discontinued abruptly,she may face withdrawal reactions.Which of the following statements holds true in this case?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Identify the definition of the physiological factor known as cardiac output that determines blood pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the recommended dose (3 mcg/kg/min) to determine the appropriate dose of sodium nitroprusside that would be administered by slow intravenous infusion to a patient who weighs 176 pounds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a true statement about the mechanism of action of the preferred diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the primary indication for the use of minoxidil (Loniten) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is not true of the vasodilator hydralazine (Apresoline) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the role of the kidneys in the development of hypertension.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vasodilator drug Minoxidil differs from Hydralazine in that Minoxidil:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified