Question 1

Why did the experience that Seligman had with sauce béarnaise change his understanding of conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It suggested that operant conditioning dynamics take precedence over classical conditioning principles, when it comes to learning about food.
B)  It demonstrated that discriminative cues can lose their predictive influence in a fairly short period of time.
C)  It revealed that a conditioned response could be established even though there was a long delay between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
D)  It suggested that generalization is more pervasive than originally thought.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

When Kiara asks her grandmother for a cookie, her grandmother usually gives her one. Last week at the park, Kiara's mother was embarrassed when Kiara walked up to five different elderly ladies and asked them for cookies. What does Kiara's behaviour illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned reinforcement
B)  observational learning
C)  stimulus generalization
D)  stimulus discriminationE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

A rat is placed on one side of a two-compartment shuttle box. For each trial, a light is turned on and is followed 10 seconds later by a painful electric shock for one minute. The rat can escape the shock by jumping a barrier into the other compartment. What behaviour would provide evidence of avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat jumps over the barrier when the shock is turned on.
B)  The rat jumps over the barrier when the light is turned on.
C)  The rat freezes when the light is turned on.
D)  The rat doesn't show fear when the shock is turned on.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

A pigeon learns to peck at a disk lighted green to receive reinforcement, but not at a disk lighted red. For this pigeon, what is the colour of the disk?

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative stimulus
B)  punisher or nonpunisher
C)  generalization stimulus
D)  reinforcer or nonreinforcerE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The continued presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in the gradual disappearance of the conditioned response. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned forgetting
B)  extinction
C)  suppression
D)  inhibitionE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

What is typical about the recovered response when a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is stronger than the previously conditioned response.
B)  It occurs before the conditioned stimulus.
C)  It is weaker than the previously conditioned response.
D)  It changes to an unconditioned stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. Which of the following describes their behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jeremy has been classically conditioned while Jessica has been operantly conditioned.
B)  Jeremy shows resistance to extinction, while Jessica shows resistance to discrimination.
C)  Jeremy shows low resistance to extinction while Jessica shows high resistance to extinction.
D)  Jeremy is controlled by conditioned stimuli while Jessica is controlled by unconditioned stimuli.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate, and does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. Which type of reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable-ratio
B)  variable-interval
C)  fixed-interval
D)  fixed-ratioE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presentation of meat powder following a tone
B)  the sound of a tone
C)  salivation elicited by meat powder
D)  salivation elicited by a toneE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

What is the term used to describe Ziggy responding to the phone with the need to go outside?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization
B)  extinction
C)  spontaneous recovery
D)  avoidance learningE) None of the above
F) A) and D) A

Question 11

Henri got a bad sunburn on his face when he was skiing last winter. Now, before he starts a day of skiing, he uses sunscreen on his face to prevent another sunburn. What is the consequence of using sunscreen in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement
B)  escape
C)  avoidance
D)  negative punishmentE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following would cause you the most difficulty if you were attempting to decrease the frequency of a behaviour, like eating junk food?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement for avoiding junk food
B)  decreasing exposure to typical antecedents of the behaviour
C)  punishment for eating junk food
D)  increasing exposure to typical antecedents of the behaviourE) C) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Question 13

What is the difference between a student who studies in order to earn high grades, and a student who studies to avoid failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The student who aims for high grades does so as a result of avoidance learning.
B)  The student who wants to avoid failing is more resistant to extinction.
C)  The student who wants to avoid failing is working for negative reinforcement.
D)  The student who aims for high grades is more motivated.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) C

Question 14

After a painful experience, Sebastien cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office. What term applies to Sebastien's cringing in the waiting room, in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus
B)  unconditioned response
C)  unconditioned stimulus
D)  conditioned responseE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is most easily associated with a flavour according to the studies by Garcia and his colleagues?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus of shock
B)  nausea-inducing unconditioned stimulus
C)  visual unconditioned stimulus
D)  auditory unconditioned stimulusE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

What is learning, according to your text?

Accepted Answer

A)  any change in behaviour or knowledge
B)  changes in human behaviour as a result of knowledge, or direct instruction
C)  a relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience
D)  an intentional change in voluntary behaviour or knowledgeE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Compare the acquisition procedures in classical and operant conditioning. What is the essential difference between the two types of conditioning?

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, a neutral sti...

Question 18

What is the result when reinforcement for a behaviour is removed?

Accepted Answer

A)  an immediate weakening of the behaviour and then eventual disappearance of the behaviour
B)  the emergence of classically conditioned aversive reactions
C)  a brief increase in the frequency of the behaviour, followed by the weakening of the behaviour
D)  the emergence of superstitious behaviour designed to reinstitute the reinforcementE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning fear of the dark
B)  learning to sing a song
C)  learning to tie shoe laces
D)  learning to print lettersE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly anticipating an upcoming rafting trip; however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again. What process does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  second-order conditioning
B)  stimulus generalization
C)  extinction
D)  spontaneous recoveryE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 6: A: Learning

Why did the experience that Seligman had with sauce béarnaise change his understanding of conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

When Kiara asks her grandmother for a cookie, her grandmother usually gives her one. Last week at the park, Kiara's mother was embarrassed when Kiara walked up to five different elderly ladies and asked them for cookies. What does Kiara's behaviour illustrate?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A pigeon learns to peck at a disk lighted green to receive reinforcement, but not at a disk lighted red. For this pigeon, what is the colour of the disk?

Correct Answer
verified

The continued presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in the gradual disappearance of the conditioned response. What is this phenomenon called?

Correct Answer
verified

What is typical about the recovered response when a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery?

Correct Answer
verified

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. Which of the following describes their behaviours?

Correct Answer
verified

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate, and does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. Which type of reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Correct Answer
verified

What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the term used to describe Ziggy responding to the phone with the need to go outside?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Henri got a bad sunburn on his face when he was skiing last winter. Now, before he starts a day of skiing, he uses sunscreen on his face to prevent another sunburn. What is the consequence of using sunscreen in this case?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would cause you the most difficulty if you were attempting to decrease the frequency of a behaviour, like eating junk food?

Correct Answer
verified
D

What is the difference between a student who studies in order to earn high grades, and a student who studies to avoid failure?

Correct Answer
verified
C

After a painful experience, Sebastien cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office. What term applies to Sebastien's cringing in the waiting room, in this example?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most easily associated with a flavour according to the studies by Garcia and his colleagues?

Correct Answer
verified

What is learning, according to your text?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the acquisition procedures in classical and operant conditioning. What is the essential difference between the two types of conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified
In classical conditioning, a neutral sti...
View Answer

What is the result when reinforcement for a behaviour is removed?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Exam 6: A: Learning

Why did the experience that Seligman had with sauce béarnaise change his understanding of conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Kiara asks her grandmother for a cookie, her grandmother usually gives her one. Last week at the park, Kiara's mother was embarrassed when Kiara walked up to five different elderly ladies and asked them for cookies. What does Kiara's behaviour illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pigeon learns to peck at a disk lighted green to receive reinforcement, but not at a disk lighted red. For this pigeon, what is the colour of the disk?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The continued presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in the gradual disappearance of the conditioned response. What is this phenomenon called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is typical about the recovered response when a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. Which of the following describes their behaviours?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate, and does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. Which type of reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the unconditioned response in Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term used to describe Ziggy responding to the phone with the need to go outside?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Henri got a bad sunburn on his face when he was skiing last winter. Now, before he starts a day of skiing, he uses sunscreen on his face to prevent another sunburn. What is the consequence of using sunscreen in this case?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would cause you the most difficulty if you were attempting to decrease the frequency of a behaviour, like eating junk food?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What is the difference between a student who studies in order to earn high grades, and a student who studies to avoid failure?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

After a painful experience, Sebastien cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office. What term applies to Sebastien's cringing in the waiting room, in this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most easily associated with a flavour according to the studies by Garcia and his colleagues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is learning, according to your text?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the acquisition procedures in classical and operant conditioning. What is the essential difference between the two types of conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn classical conditioning, a neutral sti...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the result when reinforcement for a behaviour is removed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

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D

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C

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In classical conditioning, a neutral sti...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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