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Studies of Whites by Pettigrew in South Africa in the 1950s,when apartheid ruled,revealed that those who _______ were also most prejudiced.


A) had the most education
B) conformed most to other social norms
C) were the most disadvantaged
D) had the greatest amount of social power

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Gordon Allport (1958)stated: "The role of religion is paradoxical.It makes prejudice and it unmakes prejudice." Explain the research that indicates that this is true.

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Explain how a belief in the just-world phenomenon might affect social services for people in poverty.

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Linking good fortune with virtue and misfortune with moral failure enables fortunate people to feel pride and enables unfortunate people to avoid responsibility.This is an example of the _______ phenomenon.


A) retribution
B) just-world
C) ingroup bias
D) stereotype invulnerability

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Attitudes contain all of the following EXCEPT


A) affects.
B) behavioral tendencies.
C) cognitions.
D) stereotypes.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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John has just failed a chemistry test.He goes back to his apartment and criticizes his roommate's choice of music.What term best describes John's behavior?


A) institutionalized aggression
B) just-world action
C) displaced aggression
D) authoritarian regression

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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More lynching of Blacks took place in the old South during years when cotton prices were low,suggesting that prejudice is partly explained by


A) ingroup bias.
B) the just-world hypothesis.
C) displaced aggression.
D) institutional supports.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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How are discriminations and the self-fulfilling prophecy concept related?

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Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun (rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight) .Their results showed that all participants mistakenly shot at more targets who were Black.The results showed that


A) to show prejudice people must be aware of their attitudes.
B) automatic,implicit prejudice exists.
C) people are not prejudiced.
D) some people will always be afraiD.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Mr.Watson's belief that Blacks are lazy is an example of _______.His refusal to rent an apartment to a Black family is an example of _______.


A) a stereotype;racism
B) discrimination;prejudice
C) a stereotype;discrimination
D) racism;prejudice

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Elvis is a gay man.He believes that every time he speaks people interpret his opinions in terms of his homosexuality and expects to be the victim of prejudice of discrimination.Which of the following best describes Elvis?


A) He would score high in social dominance orientation.
B) He would score high in a measure of authoritarianism.
C) He is very stigma conscious.
D) He has a self-perpetuating stereotype.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Summarize the research on racial attitudes in the U.S.from the 1940s to current times.

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Between classes,you notice how smokers congregate outside the doors of the building.When interacting with one another,they seem to behave as if they identify as quite different from the non-smokers who happen to be outside the door.What term would best describe the group of smokers?


A) an ingroup
B) an outgroup
C) a clan
D) an ethnocentric group

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Ideas about how men and women ought to behave are called _______,whereas people's ideas about how women and men do behave are called _______.


A) gender-role norms;gender stereotypes
B) gender stereotypes;gender-role norms
C) gender preferences;gender roles
D) sexist attitudes;sexists stereotypes

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Your new roommate introduces himself as having an Irish and Tahitian background.You are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as


A) Irish.
B) Tahitian.
C) both Irish and Tahitian.
D) your roommate.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Elena's boss told her that she is being let go due to company downsizing.Later that day when she gets home,she is critical of her girlfriend's choice of restaurant for dinner.What term best describes Elena's behavior?


A) institutionalized aggression
B) just-world action
C) displaced aggression
D) authoritarian regression

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is NOT true?


A) Motivations not only lead people to be prejudiced but also lead people to avoid prejudice.
B) Automatic prejudices subside when people's motivation to avoid prejudice is internal rather than external.
C) Automatic prejudices subside when people's motivation to avoid prejudice is external rather than internal.
D) Categorization is necessary for prejudice.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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In the 1940s,researchers Clark and Clark (1947) gave African American children a choice between Black dolls and White dolls.Results showed that most children


A) chose the Black dolls.
B) chose the White dolls.
C) refused to choose between them.
D) used the dolls in aggressive symbolic play.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In an extensive review of studies on gender bias in the evaluation of men's and women's work,the most common result was


A) higher ratings of women's work by women.
B) higher ratings of women's work by men.
C) high ratings of men's work by women.
D) no differences in the ratings of men's or women's work by either sex.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Hamilton and Rose's (1980) research in which students read sentences describing accountants,doctors,and salespeople revealed that


A) pre-existing stereotypes lead us to "see" correlations that do not exist.
B) vivid information is irrelevant to occupational stereotypes.
C) positive information is better remembered if it describes doctors.
D) distinctive information is ignored when forming impressions.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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