Question 1

Once we make a decision or choice,and feel some cognitive dissonance,

Accepted Answer

A)  we form additional reasons for that decision or choice.
B)  we begin to doubt our reasons for making that decision or choice.
C)  we become less confident about the decision or choice.
D)  the option we did not choose becomes more attractive.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

The effect of _______ on _______ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971) classic study of a simulated prison.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes;behaviors
B)  roles;attitudes
C)  roles;behaviors
D)  attitudes;rolesE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _______ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong
B)  average
C)  poor
D)  inconsistentE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a concern regarding the interpretation of IAT results?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not distinguish positive from negative biases
B)  It does not distinguish slow responding due to hostility from slow responding due to compassion
C)  The results cannot reliably assess and compare individuals
D)  Results do not hold up to APA standards for validityE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The major difference between the dissonance theory and the self-perception theory is that the former relies on the motivating effects of _______,while the latter does not.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior
B)  self-awareness
C)  tension
D)  self-inferenceE) All of the above
F) A) and B) C

Question 6

According to studies on implicit attitudes,which of the following statements about changing behaviors through persuasion is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easy for people to change if you tell them to change.
B)  There is no way people will change.
C)  It is best to work on general situations.
D)  It is best to work on specific situations.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

According to the principle of _____,attitudes are more apparent when we look at average behaviors over time instead of isolated acts.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance
B)  self-perception
C)  planned behavior
D)  aggregationE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

After much deliberation,you decide on a college to attend.After you have made your decision,you find yourself reducing any dissonance by _______ the chosen university and _______ the unchosen universities.

Accepted Answer

A)  focusing on;ignoring
B)  ignoring;focusing on
C)  downgrading;upgrading
D)  upgrading;downgradingE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Though she is opposed to capital punishment,Lisa is asked to give a speech in favor of it to round out a class debate.Dissonance theory predicts that her true attitude will undergo the most change if she

Accepted Answer

A)  makes a speech implying capital punishment is really wrong.
B)  agrees to give the speech but only if she tells both sides.
C)  agrees to give the speech without special incentives.
D)  agrees to give the speech for a large rewarD.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

An effective brainwashing program uses all of the following techniques EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  insisting on active participation.
B)  a gradual escalation of demands.
C)  use of the "start small and build" tactiC.
D)  physical punishment.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In the ABCs of attitudes,"A" stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude.
B)  attribution.
C)  attraction.
D)  affect.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Jill recently received Botox injection in her face to treat her wrinkles.Since then,it has taken her longer to read sad stories in the newspaper and understand her teenage daughter's emotional outbursts.Which of the following best explains these side effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive dissonance
B)  Self-perception theory
C)  Self-presentation theory
D)  OverjustificationE) A) and B)
F) B) and D) B

Question 13

Rewarding people for doing what they already enjoy may lead them to attribute their action to the reward.This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance.
B)  self-perception.
C)  the overjustification effect.
D)  the insufficient justification effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

As a teenager,you enjoyed jogging.Concerned with your weight,your parents gave you money whenever you went jogging.According to the self-perception theory,your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased it
B)  increased it
C)  removed it
D)  instilled itE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The best way to cultivate Mark's enjoyment of a task that is not intrinsically appealing to him is to have him comply with the behavior and then suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  he did the task for an intrinsic reason.
B)  he did the task for an extrinsic reason.
C)  he did the task because he was forced into doing it.
D)  he not do the task again.E) None of the above
F) A) and D) A

Question 16

Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort,we justify our actions to ourselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory
B)  self-consistency theory
C)  cognitive dissonance theory
D)  self-perception theoryE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Drawing on the overjustification effect,if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

Accepted Answer

A)  promise and give rewards for watching PBS.
B)  reward Harry unexpectedly for watching MTV.
C)  promise and give rewards for watching MTV.
D)  punish Harry for watching MTV.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  James Laird.
B)  William James.
C)  Leon Festinger.
D)  Daryl Bem.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

You are teaching students,and unlike when you were a student,you find that the role of teacher feels more comfortable.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in stereotype.
B)  roles that shape our behavior.
C)  conformity.
D)  the principle of aggregation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Impression management is to _______ as cognitive dissonance is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  overjustification;insufficient justification
B)  Bem;Festinger
C)  self-monitoring;self-presentation
D)  self-presentation;self-justificationE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

Once we make a decision or choice,and feel some cognitive dissonance,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effect of _______ on _______ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971) classic study of a simulated prison.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _______ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a concern regarding the interpretation of IAT results?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major difference between the dissonance theory and the self-perception theory is that the former relies on the motivating effects of _______,while the latter does not.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

According to studies on implicit attitudes,which of the following statements about changing behaviors through persuasion is the most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the principle of _____,attitudes are more apparent when we look at average behaviors over time instead of isolated acts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After much deliberation,you decide on a college to attend.After you have made your decision,you find yourself reducing any dissonance by _______ the chosen university and _______ the unchosen universities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Though she is opposed to capital punishment,Lisa is asked to give a speech in favor of it to round out a class debate.Dissonance theory predicts that her true attitude will undergo the most change if she

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An effective brainwashing program uses all of the following techniques EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the ABCs of attitudes,"A" stands for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jill recently received Botox injection in her face to treat her wrinkles.Since then,it has taken her longer to read sad stories in the newspaper and understand her teenage daughter's emotional outbursts.Which of the following best explains these side effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Rewarding people for doing what they already enjoy may lead them to attribute their action to the reward.This is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a teenager,you enjoyed jogging.Concerned with your weight,your parents gave you money whenever you went jogging.According to the self-perception theory,your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best way to cultivate Mark's enjoyment of a task that is not intrinsically appealing to him is to have him comply with the behavior and then suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort,we justify our actions to ourselves?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drawing on the overjustification effect,if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are teaching students,and unlike when you were a student,you find that the role of teacher feels more comfortable.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Impression management is to _______ as cognitive dissonance is to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The effect of _ on _ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971) classic study of a simulated prison.

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C

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After much deliberation,you decide on a college to attend.After you have made your decision,you find yourself reducing any dissonance by _ the chosen university and _ the unchosen universities.

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B

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A

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Impression management is to _ as cognitive dissonance is to _.

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