Question 1

According to Confucian the model of persons,

Accepted Answer

A)   we learn to be persons through familial relations and by learning from other's example.
B)   we are persons because we have immortal, individual souls.
C)   we learn to be persons by slowing developing rational capacities.
D)   all of the above.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

"One way to confirm the truth of my moral intuitions," says Sinnott-Armstrong, "would be to derive them from a general moral _________."

Accepted Answer

The answer of "One way to confirm the truth of...

Question 3

Sinnott-Armstrong claims that the test of what moral rule can be rejected "reasonably" depends on moral _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sinnott-Armstrong claims that the test of what...

Question 4

Suppose Mary says, "I understand that the use of the pesticide DDT will prevent thousands of human beings from dying of malaria. But it is still wrong to use DDT, because ultimately all that matters is the functional integrity of the ecosystems in which human beings live, and using DDT will severely damage this integrity." Mary is most likely a proponent of

Accepted Answer

A)   Biocentrism.
B)   Anthropocentrism.
C)   Ecoholism.
D)   ecocentrism.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B) D

Question 5

What two problems does individualism lead us into, according to Hourdequin?

Accepted Answer

A)   It leads to failures of developing integration and integrality.
B)   They lead us into "tragedy of the commons" situations and they instill in us an atomistic view of persons.
C)   It leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions and increased consumption of non-recyclable goods.
D)   We both tend to think of our moral obligations as only personal obligations, and so think that we can only advocate for policy in "tragedy of the commons" situations.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

According to Sinnott-Armstrong, if we cannot find any moral principle to back up our intuition that wasteful driving (of the sort mentioned in his article)  is wrong, then

Accepted Answer

A)   we know that wasteful driving is morally permissible.
B)   we know that particularism is true.
C)   we do not know whether wasteful driving is wrong.
D)   we know that wasteful driving is not wrong.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

According to what Sinnott-Armstrong calls the _________ principle, we have a moral obligation not to make problems worse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to what Sinnott-Armstrong calls the _________...

Question 8

The logical possibility of being humble while seeing all nonsentient nature as a mere resource is, according to Hill, a(n) "_________ rarity."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The logical possibility of being humble while...

Question 9

Instead of asking why the act of destroying the environment might be immoral, Hill wants to ask

Accepted Answer

A)   why the act of destroying nature might be immoral.
B)   why people who destroy the environment might be bad people.
C)   how the decision to preserve the environment benefits the environment.
D)   whether plants have interests.E) All of the above
F) C) and D) B

Question 10

In Baxter's view, the costs of controlling pollution are best expressed in terms of the number of dollars that will need to be spent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 11

The term "the balance of nature," says Leopold, fails to adequately describe what little we know about the land mechanism. He suggests we instead think of the "much truer image . . . employed in ecology": that of the biotic _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term "the balance of nature," says...

Question 12

The main difference between "actual act principles" (like the harm principle)  and "internal principles" (like the universalizability principle)  is that

Accepted Answer

A)   internal principles focus on the agent's motives for acting.
B)   internal principles focus only on the immediate effects of an action.
C)   actual act principles focus on the agent's actual motives for acting.
D)   actual act principles concern how we ought to think about other people.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Leopold says, "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the _________ community [including soils, waters, plants, animals]. It is wrong when it tends otherwise."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leopold says, "A thing is right when...

Question 14

According to Sinnott-Armstrong, the fact your government morally ought to do something

Accepted Answer

A)   does not prove that government officials ought to promote it.
B)   does not prove that you ought to do it.
C)   proves that you ought not to do it.
D)   proves that you ought to do it, too.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Sinnott-Armstrong is most interested in examining issues about the moral obligations of

Accepted Answer

A)   Individuals.
B)   Societies.
C)   Governments.
D)   Families.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

What is an example of "mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon"?

Accepted Answer

A)   all countries cooperating to change the existing incentive structure by introducing a system of enforceable sanctions to curb climate change.
B)   the agreement of more powerful nations to require less powerful nations to curb greenhouse gas emissions for the benefit of all humanity.
C)   the agreement of less powerful nations to boycott trade with more powerful nations until the latter agree to curb their greenhouse gas emissions.
D)   the agreement of a large number of individual agents to restrict their own pollution.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Leopold most likely describes the "land pyramid" to

Accepted Answer

A)   argue that nature is not inherently normative.
B)   provide a description of a mechanism that "we can see, feel, understand, love, or otherwise have faith in."
C)   give a detailed description of how plants absorb energy from the sun.
D)   argue that even the noneconomic parts of the "biotic clock" have economic value.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

According to Sinnott-Armstrong, the fact that we cannot find any moral principle (to support our moral intuitions) shows that we don't need such principles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If it were known that a policy would wipe out several animal species without negatively affecting human beings, Baxter would most likely say that

Accepted Answer

A)   this policy is morally problematic because it harms the environment.
B)   this policy is morally problematic because it damages the integrity of the ecosystem.
C)   this policy is morally obligatory because the environment ought not to exist.
D)   this policy is morally unproblematic.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

What is the "intergenerational storm" of climate change?

Accepted Answer

A)   the problem of massive world overpopulation over generations.
B)   the problem that the bad effects of current carbon dioxide emissions will fall largely on future generations.
C)   the problem that the compounding effects of greenhouse gas emissions require the current generation to, in effect, cooperate with future generations.
D)   the problem that countries are possibly biased toward the interests of the current generation, which largely benefits from carbon dioxide emissions.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 15: The Environment, Consumption, and Climate Change

According to Confucian the model of persons,

Correct Answer
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"One way to confirm the truth of my moral intuitions," says Sinnott-Armstrong, "would be to derive them from a general moral _________."

Correct Answer
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Sinnott-Armstrong claims that the test of what moral rule can be rejected "reasonably" depends on moral _________.

Correct Answer
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D

What two problems does individualism lead us into, according to Hourdequin?

Correct Answer
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According to Sinnott-Armstrong, if we cannot find any moral principle to back up our intuition that wasteful driving (of the sort mentioned in his article) is wrong, then

Correct Answer
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According to what Sinnott-Armstrong calls the _________ principle, we have a moral obligation not to make problems worse.

Correct Answer
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The logical possibility of being humble while seeing all nonsentient nature as a mere resource is, according to Hill, a(n) "_________ rarity."

Correct Answer
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Instead of asking why the act of destroying the environment might be immoral, Hill wants to ask

Correct Answer
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B

In Baxter's view, the costs of controlling pollution are best expressed in terms of the number of dollars that will need to be spent.

Correct Answer
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False

The term "the balance of nature," says Leopold, fails to adequately describe what little we know about the land mechanism. He suggests we instead think of the "much truer image . . . employed in ecology": that of the biotic _________.

Correct Answer
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The main difference between "actual act principles" (like the harm principle) and "internal principles" (like the universalizability principle) is that

Correct Answer
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Leopold says, "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the _________ community [including soils, waters, plants, animals]. It is wrong when it tends otherwise."

Correct Answer
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According to Sinnott-Armstrong, the fact your government morally ought to do something

Correct Answer
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Sinnott-Armstrong is most interested in examining issues about the moral obligations of

Correct Answer
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What is an example of "mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon"?

Correct Answer
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Leopold most likely describes the "land pyramid" to

Correct Answer
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According to Sinnott-Armstrong, the fact that we cannot find any moral principle (to support our moral intuitions) shows that we don't need such principles.

Correct Answer
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If it were known that a policy would wipe out several animal species without negatively affecting human beings, Baxter would most likely say that

Correct Answer
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What is the "intergenerational storm" of climate change?

Correct Answer
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Exam 15: The Environment, Consumption, and Climate Change

According to Confucian the model of persons,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"One way to confirm the truth of my moral intuitions," says Sinnott-Armstrong, "would be to derive them from a general moral _________."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sinnott-Armstrong claims that the test of what moral rule can be rejected "reasonably" depends on moral _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What two problems does individualism lead us into, according to Hourdequin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Sinnott-Armstrong, if we cannot find any moral principle to back up our intuition that wasteful driving (of the sort mentioned in his article) is wrong, then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to what Sinnott-Armstrong calls the _________ principle, we have a moral obligation not to make problems worse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The logical possibility of being humble while seeing all nonsentient nature as a mere resource is, according to Hill, a(n) "_________ rarity."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instead of asking why the act of destroying the environment might be immoral, Hill wants to ask

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In Baxter's view, the costs of controlling pollution are best expressed in terms of the number of dollars that will need to be spent.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The term "the balance of nature," says Leopold, fails to adequately describe what little we know about the land mechanism. He suggests we instead think of the "much truer image . . . employed in ecology": that of the biotic _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main difference between "actual act principles" (like the harm principle) and "internal principles" (like the universalizability principle) is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leopold says, "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the _________ community [including soils, waters, plants, animals]. It is wrong when it tends otherwise."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Sinnott-Armstrong, the fact your government morally ought to do something

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sinnott-Armstrong is most interested in examining issues about the moral obligations of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an example of "mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leopold most likely describes the "land pyramid" to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Sinnott-Armstrong, the fact that we cannot find any moral principle (to support our moral intuitions) shows that we don't need such principles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If it were known that a policy would wipe out several animal species without negatively affecting human beings, Baxter would most likely say that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the "intergenerational storm" of climate change?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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B

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False

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