Question 1

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increasing bicarbonate ions
B)   Increasing chloride ions
C)   Decreasing potassium ions
D)   Decreasing sodium ionsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) B

Question 2

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)   acidify blood by creating alkaline urine.
B)   alkalinize blood by acidifying urine.
C)   increase blood pH, which accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.
D)   decrease blood pH, which reduces tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

An increase in ammonium ion excretion occurs when there is an increase in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is not a base-forming element?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chlorine
B)   Potassium
C)   Sodium
D)   MagnesiumE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)   An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance.
B)   A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance.
C)   Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio.
D)   Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 7

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions, which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 8

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is considered a direct acid-forming food?

Accepted Answer

A)   Citrus fruit
B)   Vinegar
C)   Cranberries
D)   All of the above are considered direct acid-forming foodsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The proximal and distal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)   pH 2
B)   pH 6
C)   pH 8
D)   pH 10E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A minor bladder infection is often the result of urine not being acidic enough. Which of the following actions could correct this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Drinking orange juice
B)   Eating large amounts of high-protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry, and eggs, which are acid forming
C)   Eating fruits and vegetables
D)   Eating foods rich in acids, such as cranberries and rhubarbE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

The breakdown of ribonucleotides produces phosphoric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation. If not treated soon, Susan may develop what condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis.
B)   Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.
C)   Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms.
D)   Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Hyperkalemia may have a major effect on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gastrointestinal tract
B)   Heart
C)   Kidney
D)   LiverE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Assume the strong base NaOH was added to a solution that contained the phosphate buffer pair Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄. Write out the chemical equation that shows how this buffer pair would react to the NaOH.

Accepted Answer

The chemical equation for the reaction b...

Exam 44: Acid Base Balance

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in ammonium ion excretion occurs when there is an increase in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a base-forming element?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions, which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is considered a direct acid-forming food?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proximal and distal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A minor bladder infection is often the result of urine not being acidic enough. Which of the following actions could correct this problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The breakdown of ribonucleotides produces phosphoric acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation. If not treated soon, Susan may develop what condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperkalemia may have a major effect on which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assume the strong base NaOH was added to a solution that contained the phosphate buffer pair Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄. Write out the chemical equation that shows how this buffer pair would react to the NaOH.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe chemical equation for the reaction b...View AnswerShow Answer

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B

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False

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Answered by ExamLex AI
The chemical equation for the reaction b...
View Answer