A) the national government
B) the hospital sector centralized under local authorities
C) medical professionals
D) the teaching hospitals
F) B) and C)
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A) Teaching hospitals largely retained freedom of action.
B) Hospital-based specialists could no longer maintain private practices.
C) GPs sought to receive capitation (i.e., set fees per patient examined) rather than state salaries but were denied.
D) Regional Health Board members oversaw the day to day operations of hospital facilities.
F) A) and D)
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A
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A) passage of national health insurance for workers
B) passage of national heath insurance for the poor
C) enlistment of GPs in the National Health Service
D) enlistment of GPs and hospital-based specialists in the Emergency Medical Service
F) C) and D)
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A) Members of the public were generally indifferent as to whether health care was provided by the private or public sector as long as they received the care they required.
B) After several months of its national "listening tour," the government responded by increasing the independence and power of the commissioning groups.
C) Under popular pressure, the NHS was prohibited from hiring foreign companies or their subsidiaries to run GP medical practices.
D) At a recent meeting of the BMA, doctors voted to join a campaign to expand the roles of the private sector in the NHS.
F) A) and D)
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A) economic stagnation with high inflation
B) the Watergate scandal
C) the Vietnam War
D) plummeting oil costs
F) All of the above
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A) They pushed for the formation of insurer networks, which would then bargain for the best care at the lowest price.
B) They sought to inject market principles (through the operation of an internal market) into an overwhelmingly public, tax-supported enterprise.
C) They sought to increase competition on quality measures in order to reduce the power of HMOs which were denying coverage for needed care.
D) The pushed to expand and formalize the responsibility of businesses to collectively finance health care for their respective employees.
F) None of the above
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A) formally abolishing the internal market, though it was unclear what they would replace it with
B) instituting a new package of reforms after a flu epidemic appeared to swamp NHS resources
C) increasing health spending to place British spending in line with the expenditure rates found in other EU nations
D) inviting the private sector to take a far more active role in the provision of health care
F) A) and B)
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A) The party in opposition often finds health policy a convenient means by which to focus criticism on the party in power.
B) The NHS is highly unpopular and frustrating to the British people.
C) The NHS's costs have increased at a more rapid pace than the U.S. health system.
D) The Chancellor of the Exchequer has repeatedly failed to rein in costs over time.
F) All of the above
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A) GPs negotiating favorable arrangements with hospitals on behalf of their patients
B) specialists negotiating favorable arrangements with hospitals on behalf of their patients
C) hospitals negotiating favorable arrangements with specialists on behalf of their patients
D) the NHS negotiating favorable arrangements with GPs and specialists on behalf of their patients
F) C) and D)
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A) set a precedent of substantial government intervention in British health care
B) took care of massive casualties in wartime London
C) managed the mass evacuation of women and children to the countryside
D) failed to come together because of disagreement between GPs and hospital-based specialists
F) A) and C)
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A) introduced legislation to increase the provision of NHS services by private entities and decentralize the NHS
B) committed to holding the line on health care
C) embarked on a national "listening tour" regarding health reform
D) sought to increase health spending to be comparable to expenditure rates found in other EU nations
F) A) and C)
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A) physicians
B) patients
C) insurers
D) employers
F) All of the above
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A
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A) measures to improve the well-being of the British people after the war
B) mass evacuations to avoid the nightly bombing raids in London and other cities
C) the creation of a National Health Service
D) the elimination of class boundaries through legal measures
F) None of the above
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A) They caused health care consumers and their physicians to rebel at the limits imposed on providers.
B) They successfully reduced national health spending by forcing efficiencies on to medical providers.
C) They prioritized consumers' desires over the prerogatives of the medical providers.
D) They triggered many strikes by medical providers seeking higher reimbursement rates.
F) A) and B)
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A) were aimed at improving management in the system through the establishment of local health authorities
B) were vigorously protested by the general public
C) imposed the use of non-medical managers to improve accountability
D) were based on the work of an American economist on internal markets
F) B) and C)
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A
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