Question 1

The calcium of the body fluids

Accepted Answer

A)  participates in muscle contraction.
B)  is not a significant component of nucleic acids.
C)  serves as a second messenger.
D)  activates exocytosis.
E)  is not important in blood clotting.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

In acidosis, the kidneys compensate by

Accepted Answer

A)  secreting more bicarbonate.
B)  secreting more ammonia.
C)  secreting more sodium.
D)  reabsorbing more hydrogen ions.
E)  reabsorbing more ammonia.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

In a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are consumed by neutralizing H+.
B)  they are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells.
C)  they are exchanged for CO₂.
D)  they are exchanged for Cl-.
E)  they rapidly diffuse into the renal tubule cells.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 5

In a state of hypokalemia

Accepted Answer

A)  cells are partially depolarized.
B)  there is more diffusion of potassium into the cells.
C)  cells are more excitable.
D)  resting membrane potential is more positive.
E)  cells are hyperpolarized.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What protein(s)  is/are the most important buffer(s)  in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrinogen
B)  albumin
C)  alpha globulins
D)  gamma globulins
E)  transferrinF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

This is the most abundant cation of the ICF.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca₂+
B)  Na+
C)  K+
D)  Cl-
E)  PiF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Calcium concentration is regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones.
B)  sodium and calcium concentration in plasma.
C)  chloride and phosphate concentration in plasma.
D)  the parasympathetic nervous system.
E)  the sympathetic nervous system.F) All of the above
G) A) and B) A

Question 14

The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory system, which

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies the buffer system with CO₂.
B)  supplies the buffer system with O₂. -
C)  expels HCO₃ produced by the buffer system.
D)  expels H+ produced by the buffer system.
E)  expels CO₂ produced by the buffer system.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 16

Hemorrhages

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity.
B)  decrease body water but increase osmolarity.
C)  decrease body water and decrease osmolarity.
D)  increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume.
E)  decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Water output is significantly controlled through variations in

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic water.
B)  sweating.
C)  cutaneous transpiration.
D)  drinking.
E)  urine volume.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 18

In which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular fluid (ICF) 
B)  transcellular fluid
C)  tissue (interstitial)  fluid
D)  blood plasma
E)  lymphF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 19

The kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid sequestration in the upper limbs.
B)  hypotonic hydration.
C)  hypovolemia.
D)  a positive water balance.
E)  a negative water balance.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Exam 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance

The calcium of the body fluids

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In acidosis, the kidneys compensate by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

In a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a state of hypokalemia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This is the most abundant cation of the ICF.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium concentration is regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory system, which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Hemorrhages

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water output is significantly controlled through variations in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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