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Sunlight is a very important source of radiation.

A) True
B) False

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Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and


A) ultrasound.
B) a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.
C) a CT scan.
D) surgery.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Jen has fair skin, and both her mother and her aunt have been treated for skin cancer. This coming weekend, Jen and her friends are planning an all-day outdoor hike near a high-mountain lake; she expects there will be a mix of sun and shade on the trail and at the lakeshore beach. She is looking forward to the hike, but she wants to avoid getting a sunburn or any sun damage. Jen applies sunscreen to the exposed areas of her skin before she leaves her apartment for the hike; she should apply more sunscreen for all of the following, EXCEPT


A) 15 minutes after sun exposure begins.
B) after climbing a hill and sweating heavily.
C) 2 hours after sun exposure begins.
D) 1 hour after sunset.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called


A) a Pap test.
B) cryotherapy.
C) an endometrial smear.
D) curetting.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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When a malignant tumour spreads to sites distant from the primary tumour, the process is known as


A) dysplasia.
B) metastasis.
C) hyperplasia.
D) malignancy.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Cancer vaccines may be available for certain cancers soon.

A) True
B) False

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Sarcomas arise from


A) epithelial layers.
B) connective and fibrous tissue.
C) lymph nodes.
D) blood-forming cells.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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General environmental pollution such as substances in our air and water are responsible for approximately percent of cancer deaths.


A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Malignant tumours are classified according to the types of cells that give rise to them.

A) True
B) False

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Methods for precise visualization of tumours do NOT include


A) ultrasonography.
B) CT scans.
C) MRI scans.
D) conventional X-rays.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What is the approximate economic burden of cancer in Canada annually?


A) 7 billion dollars
B) 19 billion dollars
C) 11.5 billion dollars
D) 22.5 billion dollars

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for breast cancer?


A) alcohol use
B) obesity
C) early onset of menstruation
D) early motherhood

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements regarding bladder cancer is FALSE?


A) Bladder cancer is linked to tobacco use.
B) Risk factors include occupational exposure to chemicals used in the dye, rubber, and leather industries.
C) The first signs of cancer are increased frequency of urination and/or blood in the urine.
D) Bladder cancer is four times more common in women than it is in men.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Oral cancers are primarily the result of tobacco and alcohol use.

A) True
B) False

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These type of cells are unique, unspecialized cells that can divide and produce more specialized cell types.


A) endothelial cells
B) bone marrow cells
C) progenitor cells
D) stem cells

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

A) True
B) False

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Heavy users of alcohol and tobacco have a risk of oral cancer up to _____________ times as great as that of people who don't drink or smoke.


A) 10
B) 2
C) 15
D) 5

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone, cartilage, or muscle are called


A) carcinomas.
B) sarcomas.
C) leukemias.
D) lymphomas.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Prostate cancers can be detected by a physical exam and by a blood test.

A) True
B) False

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The most common form of cancer is


A) melanoma.
B) sarcoma.
C) lymphoma.
D) carcinoma.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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