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An endorsement in which the endorser does not guarantee that an instrument will be accepted and paid by the drawer or maker is referred to as a ________.


A) conditional endorsement
B) restrictive endorsement
C) qualified endorsement
D) special endorsement

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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A(n) ________ is a person who has physical possession of a bill or note that was drawn, issued, or endorsed to him or her, or to his or her order, or to the bearer, or in blank


A) accommodation endorser
B) holder
C) assignor
D) acceptor

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following definitions describes an aval of a bill or a note?


A) a person who has physical possession of a bill or note that is payable
B) a person who signs a bill or note as a surety and comaker
C) a person who endorses a bill or note as a guarantor of an endorsee
D) a person who signs a bill or note to lend his or her credit to another party

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Negotiation is the transfer of a bill or note in such a way that the recipient becomes a holder.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following written endorsements would be an example of an endorsement prohibiting further endorsement?


A) "Pay to Elaine, without recourse, [signed] John"
B) "For collection only, [signed] John"
C) "Pay to Elaine only, [signed] John"
D) "Pay to Elaine, agent for John [signed] John"

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Explain the role of the advising bank in a letter of credit transaction.

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Once a bank issues a letter of credit, i...

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What features should be present in a bill so that it meets promissory requirements?

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To be negotiable, a bill or note must (1...

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A bearer paper is different from an order paper in that a bearer paper ________.


A) cannot be negotiated
B) is negotiated by endorsement and delivery
C) is negotiated by delivery alone
D) is negotiated by endorsement alone

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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The bill of exchange that is payable at the time it is presented or at a stated time after presentment is known as a(n) ________.


A) deed
B) allonge
C) sight bill
D) time bill

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Parties with secondary liability to an instrument can only be sought after the instrument has been dishonored.

A) True
B) False

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The ________ is the production of an instrument to a party liable to pay on it for that party's acceptance or payment.


A) accommodation of the instrument
B) presentment of the instrument
C) issuance of the instrument
D) endorsement of the instrument

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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What is an endorsement? What are the different types of endorsements?

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The act of a payee, drawee, accommodation party, or holder of a negotiable instrument in signing the back of the instrument, with or without qualifying words, to transfer rights in the instrument to another is known as endorsement. An endorsement is required to negotiate a bill or note that is in the form of order paper, and it may optionally be added to bearer paper. Endorsements are signatures, with or without additional statements that are commonly written on the back of the instrument. There are four basic kinds: (1) special endorsements, (2) blank endorsements, (3) qualified endorsements, and (4) restrictive endorsements.

The common law requires a note to contain the words "promissory note."

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The ULB treats an endorsement prohibiting further endorsements as if it were a qualified endorsement.

A) True
B) False

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A ________ is an instrument issued by a warehouseman or carrier to a shipper that serves as a receipt for goods shipped, as evidence of the contract of carriage, and as a document of title for the goods.


A) bill of lading
B) deed
C) letter of credit
D) certificate of deposit

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Tolling is a type of countertrade which involves the exchange of a monetary debt for another form of debt, such as an equity share or an obligation to deliver products, goods, or services.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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For which of the following types of endorsements is there a difference in endorsee status between the ULB and common law?


A) conditional endorsement
B) collection endorsement
C) agency endorsement
D) endorsement prohibiting further endorsement

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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An order bill is a bill or note that contains a special endorsement as its last endorsement.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Liability on the instrument for drawers, endorsers, and accommodation endorsers is primary.

A) True
B) False

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False

What is a bearer paper?

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Bearer paper is an instrument that either (1) contains on its face an order to pay the bearer or to pay in cash, or (2) contains as its last endorsement a so-called blank endorsement, that is, the signature of the payee or the signature of the last endorsee named in a special endorsement. Bearer paper is negotiated by delivery alone. The use of bearer paper is riskier than the use of order paper. If it is lost or stolen it must still be paid.

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